Recognising the Signs of a Heart Attack: Essential Tips

Recognising the Signs of a Heart Attack: Essential Tips

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a section of the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot. Without oxygen-rich blood, the heart muscle begins to die. Prompt recognition and action are crucial to minimise damage and improve the chances of survival. This guide provides essential tips on recognising the signs and symptoms of a heart attack and what to do in an emergency situation.

Common Symptoms of a Heart Attack

Recognising the common symptoms of a heart attack is the first step in taking appropriate action. These symptoms can vary in intensity and presentation, but some are more prevalent than others. It's important to remember that not everyone experiences the same symptoms, and some people may have no symptoms at all (silent heart attack).

Chest Pain or Discomfort: This is the most common symptom. It often feels like a squeezing, tightness, pressure, or aching sensation in the centre of the chest. The pain can be constant or intermittent, lasting for more than a few minutes.
Pain Radiating to Other Areas: The pain can spread to the arms (especially the left arm), shoulder, neck, jaw, or back.
Shortness of Breath: This can occur even without chest pain. You may feel like you can't catch your breath or are gasping for air.
Sweating: Breaking out in a cold sweat is a common symptom, even if you're not physically active or in a hot environment.
Nausea or Vomiting: Some people, particularly women, experience nausea, vomiting, or indigestion during a heart attack.
Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Feeling faint, lightheaded, or dizzy can be a sign of reduced blood flow to the brain.

It's important to note that these symptoms can sometimes be mistaken for other conditions, such as heartburn or anxiety. However, if you experience any of these symptoms, especially in combination, it's crucial to seek immediate medical attention. Learn more about Heartresearch and our commitment to heart health education.

Less Common Symptoms

While the symptoms listed above are the most common, some people may experience less typical signs of a heart attack. Being aware of these less common symptoms can help you identify a potential heart attack, especially if you don't experience the classic chest pain.

Unexplained Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or weak, even after resting, can be a sign of a heart problem.
Abdominal Pain: Pain in the abdomen, similar to indigestion or heartburn, can sometimes indicate a heart attack, particularly in women.
Back Pain: Pain between the shoulder blades can be a symptom, especially if it's sudden and severe.
Feeling of Impending Doom: Some people report a sense of anxiety, panic, or feeling like something terrible is about to happen.
Palpitations: An awareness of your heartbeat, which may feel like fluttering, racing, or skipping beats, can be a sign of an underlying heart condition.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

A common mistake is dismissing these less common symptoms as something minor or unrelated to the heart. It's crucial to listen to your body and seek medical advice if you experience any unexplained or concerning symptoms, even if they don't fit the typical heart attack profile.

Another mistake is waiting to see if the symptoms go away on their own. Every minute counts during a heart attack, so delaying treatment can significantly increase the risk of permanent heart damage or death.

What to Do in an Emergency

If you suspect that you or someone else is having a heart attack, it's crucial to act quickly and decisively. Here's what to do:

• Call for Help Immediately: Dial 000 (Australia's emergency number) and ask for an ambulance. Clearly state that you suspect a heart attack and provide your location.

• Administer Aspirin (if appropriate): If the person is conscious and not allergic to aspirin, give them one adult aspirin (300mg) to chew slowly. Aspirin helps to thin the blood and prevent further clot formation. However, do not administer aspirin if the person is unconscious or unable to swallow.

State Your Location Clearly: Provide the exact address and any landmarks that can help the ambulance find you quickly.
Describe the Situation: Explain that you suspect a heart attack and describe the symptoms the person is experiencing.
Provide the Person's Age and Gender: This information can help the paramedics assess the situation more accurately.
Mention Any Known Medical Conditions or Allergies: Inform the operator of any relevant medical history, such as heart disease, diabetes, or allergies to medications.
Follow the Operator's Instructions: The operator will provide you with instructions on what to do while waiting for the ambulance to arrive. Listen carefully and follow their guidance.

Performing CPR

CPR is a life-saving technique that can help maintain blood flow to the brain and other vital organs when someone's heart has stopped beating. If you are trained in CPR, begin immediately. If not, the emergency operator can guide you through the steps.

Here's a simplified overview of CPR:

• Check for Responsiveness: Gently tap the person's shoulder and shout, "Are you okay?" If there is no response, proceed to the next step.

• Call for Help (if you haven't already): Ensure someone has called 000 or call yourself if you are alone.

• Check for Breathing: Look for chest rise and fall for no more than 10 seconds. If the person is not breathing or is only gasping, begin CPR.

• Chest Compressions: Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand and interlock your fingers. Push straight down about 5-6 centimetres at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute. Allow the chest to recoil completely between compressions.

• Rescue Breaths (if trained): After every 30 chest compressions, give two rescue breaths. Tilt the person's head back slightly and lift their chin. Pinch their nose closed and make a complete seal over their mouth with your mouth. Blow steadily into their mouth for about one second, watching for chest rise. If the chest doesn't rise, re-tilt the head and try again.

• Continue CPR: Continue chest compressions and rescue breaths (30 compressions followed by 2 breaths) until the ambulance arrives or the person shows signs of life, such as breathing normally.

Important Considerations

Hands-Only CPR: If you are not trained in rescue breaths or are uncomfortable performing them, you can perform hands-only CPR (continuous chest compressions) until help arrives.
AED (Automated External Defibrillator): If an AED is available, use it as soon as possible. Follow the AED's voice prompts to deliver an electrical shock if needed. AEDs are often found in public places such as shopping centres, airports, and gyms. Frequently asked questions can provide more information on AED use.

Recognising the signs of a heart attack and knowing what to do in an emergency can significantly improve the chances of survival. By being informed and prepared, you can make a difference in someone's life. Remember, every second counts, so act quickly and decisively if you suspect a heart attack. Always seek professional medical advice for any health concerns.